diff --git a/frontend/src/views/StudyView.vue b/frontend/src/views/StudyView.vue
index 29179f6..3d05e91 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/StudyView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/StudyView.vue
@@ -353,37 +353,93 @@ marked.use({
   renderer,
 })
 
+function decodeHTMLEntities(text: string): string {
+  return text
+    .replace(/&/g, '&')
+    .replace(/&lt;/g, '<')
+    .replace(/&gt;/g, '>')
+    .replace(/&quot;/g, '"')
+    .replace(/&#39;/g, "'")
+}
+
 function renderMarkdown(text: string): string {
   if (!text) return ''
 
   // 0. Extract and protect Mermaid blocks
   const mermaidBlocks: string[] = []
-  let processed = text.replace(/```mermaid\r?\\n([\s\S]*?)\r?\\n```/g, (match, code) => {
+  let workingText = text
+  workingText = workingText.replace(/```mermaid\r?\\n([\s\S]*?)\r?\\n```/g, (match, code) => {
     const placeholder = `MERMAIDBLOCKPLACEHOLDER${mermaidBlocks.length}`
     mermaidBlocks.push(code.trim())
     return placeholder
   })
 
-  // 1. Render display math $$...$$
-  processed = processed.replace(/\$\$([\s\S]+?)\$\$/g, (match, math) => {
-    try {
-      return `<div class="math-display">${katex.renderToString(math.trim(), { displayMode: true, throwOnError: false })}</div>`
-    } catch (e) {
-      return match
-    }
+  const mathBlocks: { placeholder: string; isBlock: boolean; rawExpr: string; renderedHtml: string }[] = []
+  let placeholderCount = 0
+
+  // Normalize slash/backslash ctdot representations to standard cdots
+  workingText = workingText
+    .replace(/\\ctdot/g, '\\cdots')
+    .replace(/\/ctdot/g, '\\cdots')
+
+  // 1. Extract block math: $$...$$ and \[...\]
+  workingText = workingText.replace(/\$\$(.*?)\$\$/gs, (match, expr) => {
+    const placeholder = `MATHBLOCKPLACEHOLDER${placeholderCount++}`
+    mathBlocks.push({ placeholder, isBlock: true, rawExpr: expr, renderedHtml: '' })
+    return placeholder
   })
 
-  // 2. Render inline math $...$
-  processed = processed.replace(/\$([^\n]+?)\$/g, (match, math) => {
-    try {
-      return `<span class="math-inline">${katex.renderToString(math.trim(), { displayMode: false, throwOnError: false })}</span>`
-    } catch (e) {
-      return match
-    }
+  workingText = workingText.replace(/\\\[(.*?)\\\]/gs, (match, expr) => {
+    const placeholder = `MATHBLOCKPLACEHOLDER${placeholderCount++}`
+    mathBlocks.push({ placeholder, isBlock: true, rawExpr: expr, renderedHtml: '' })
+    return placeholder
   })
 
-  // 3. Render markdown
-  let html = marked.parse(processed) as string
+  // 2. Extract inline math: $...$ and \(...\)
+  workingText = workingText.replace(/(?<!\$)\$([^\$]+)\$(?!\$)/g, (match, expr) => {
+    const placeholder = `INLINEMATHPLACEHOLDER${placeholderCount++}`
+    mathBlocks.push({ placeholder, isBlock: false, rawExpr: expr, renderedHtml: '' })
+    return placeholder
+  })
+
+  workingText = workingText.replace(/\\\(.*?\\\)/g, (match) => {
+    const expr = match.slice(2, -2)
+    const placeholder = `INLINEMATHPLACEHOLDER${placeholderCount++}`
+    mathBlocks.push({ placeholder, isBlock: false, rawExpr: expr, renderedHtml: '' })
+    return placeholder
+  })
+
+  // 3. Render Markdown with marked.parse
+  let html = ''
+  try {
+    html = marked.parse(workingText) as string
+  } catch (e) {
+    console.error("Markdown parsing failed:", e)
+    html = workingText
+  }
+
+  // 4. Render KaTeX and swap placeholders
+  for (const block of mathBlocks) {
+    try {
+      let cleanExpr = decodeHTMLEntities(block.rawExpr.trim())
+      cleanExpr = cleanExpr.replace(/\\ctdot/g, '\\cdots').replace(/\/ctdot/g, '\\cdots')
+      const rendered = katex.renderToString(cleanExpr, {
+        displayMode: block.isBlock,
+        throwOnError: false
+      })
+      block.renderedHtml = block.isBlock
+        ? `<div class="math-display">${rendered}</div>`
+        : `<span class="math-inline">${rendered}</span>`
+    } catch (err) {
+      console.error("KaTeX parse error for expr:", block.rawExpr, err)
+      const delim = block.isBlock ? '$$' : '$'
+      block.renderedHtml = block.isBlock
+        ? `<div class="math-display">${delim}${block.rawExpr}${delim}</div>`
+        : `<span class="math-inline">${delim}${block.rawExpr}${delim}</span>`
+    }
+    
+    html = html.replace(block.placeholder, block.renderedHtml)
+  }
 
   // 5. Restore protected Mermaid blocks
   mermaidBlocks.forEach((code, idx) => {