diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 069d5c4..a5e6022 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,4 +1,21 @@
-# Enterprise Admin Studio - 변경 이력 (CHANGELOG.md)
+# Enterprise Admin Studio - 변경 이력 (CHANGELOG.md)
+
+## [v1.7.0] - 2026-10-21
+### Fixed & Improved
+- **NetApp ONTAP REST API Active DC 감지 및 단독 스크립트 실행(Standalone) 지원 강화**:
+  - **REST API JSON 필드 매핑 수정 (`Modules/NetAppService.ps1`)**:
+    - ONTAP REST API `/api/protocols/cifs/domains`의 `discovered_servers` 하위 개체에서 도메인 컨트롤러 호스트명 키(`server_name`)가 `name`으로 잘못 매핑되어 실서버 연결 시에도 항상 가상 데모 DC(`dc04.corp.local`)로 폴백되던 버그 수정
+    - `server_name`, `server_ip`, `server_type`, `state`, `node.name` 필드 정상 파싱 및 `Active Connected` 상태 검증 로직 강화
+  - **파라미터 해석 헬퍼 (`Resolve-NetAppParameters`) 신설**:
+    - `NetAppService.ps1`을 GUI 애플리케이션 외부의 독립 PowerShell 콘솔에서 단독 발췌 실행할 때, `$Config` 객체 없이도 `-ClusterEndpoint`, `-Username`, `-Password`, `-SvmName`, `-UseLive` 파라미터만으로 즉각 실제 스토리지와 통신하도록 구조 개선
+    - `Get-NetAppActiveDc`, `Get-NetAppQtrees`, `Get-NetAppQuotas`, `Get-NetAppShares`, `New-NetAppQtreeAction`, `New-NetAppShareAction`, `Set-NetAppShareAcl`, `Set-NetAppQuotaRule` 등 모든 NetApp 모듈 함수에 단독 파라미터 전달 체계 적용
+  - **PowerShell 7 (Core) 자체 서명 SSL 인증서 우회(`-SkipCertificateCheck`) 호환성 확보**:
+    - Windows PowerShell 5.1의 `ServicePointManager` 방식 외에, PowerShell 7 `Invoke-RestMethod`의 `-SkipCertificateCheck` 매개변수를 동적 인식하여 SSL/TLS 핸드셰이크 예외 완벽 차단
+  - **다단계 API 엔드포인트 폴백 및 타임아웃 현실화**:
+    - 클러스터 도메인 질의 시 기본 타임아웃을 3초에서 15초로 현실화하여 노드 간 브로드캐스트 지연에 의한 타임아웃 예외 방지
+    - SVM별 필터 쿼리(`/api/protocols/cifs/domains?svm.name=...`), 전체 조회 쿼리(`?fields=discovered_servers,svm.name`), 컬렉션 단건 self-link 조회, 그리고 NetApp DataONTAP Toolkit(`Get-NcCifsDomainDiscoveredServer`)까지 4단계 복합 폴백 엔진 구축
+  - **상세 오류 추적 지원**:
+    - 실제 접속 실패 시 `Write-Warning`으로 각 엔드포인트별 에러 메시지를 즉시 출력하고, 반환 객체의 `FallbackReason` 속성에 기록하여 원인 분석을 용이하게 함
 
 ## [v1.6.0] - 2026-10-21
 ### Added
diff --git a/MULTI_DC_SYNC_GUIDE.md b/MULTI_DC_SYNC_GUIDE.md
index 6bbb8d3..ce632b3 100644
--- a/MULTI_DC_SYNC_GUIDE.md
+++ b/MULTI_DC_SYNC_GUIDE.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# 다중 도메인 컨트롤러(6대 DC) 환경에서의 NetApp Storage - Active Directory 실시간 동기화 및 비동기 처리 가이드
+# 다중 도메인 컨트롤러(6대 DC) 환경에서의 NetApp Storage - Active Directory 실시간 동기화 및 비동기 처리 가이드
 
 본 문서는 Active Directory(AD)가 6대로 다중화된 대규모 엔터프라이즈 인프라에서, NetApp 스토리지(Qtree, Quota, CIFS Share)와 AD 보안그룹을 실시간 생성·연동할 때 발생하는 **도메인 복제 지연(Replication Lag) 오류**를 원천 차단하고, UI 멈춤 없이 무중단으로 작업을 처리하는 **비동기(`Task.Run`) 아키텍처**에 대해 상세히 기술합니다.
 
@@ -152,6 +152,32 @@ repadmin /kcc *
 repadmin /showobjmeta dc04.corp.local "CN=Finance_Share,OU=SecurityGroups,DC=corp,DC=local"
 ```
 
+### 5.3 PowerShell 콘솔에서 NetAppService.ps1 단독 발췌 테스트
+GUI 앱(ModernAdminStudio)을 띄우지 않고, 관리자 PowerShell 콘솔에서 모듈 파일만 단독으로 로드하여 NetApp Active DC 바인딩을 즉각 검증할 수 있습니다:
+
+```powershell
+# 1. 모듈 로드
+. .\Modules\NetAppService.ps1
+
+# 2. 클러스터 기본 연결 테스트
+Test-NetAppConnection -ClusterEndpoint "https://10.20.1.10" -Username "admin" -Password "YourPassword"
+
+# 3. NetApp이 현재 바인딩 중인 Active DC 실시간 조회
+$dcInfo = Get-NetAppActiveDc `
+    -ClusterEndpoint "https://10.20.1.10" `
+    -Username "admin" `
+    -Password "YourPassword" `
+    -SvmName "svm_cifs_prod01" `
+    -TimeoutSec 15
+
+# 4. 결과 확인 (ActiveDC, IP, 상태, 전체 발견된 DC 목록)
+$dcInfo | Format-List ActiveDC, ActiveDcIp, Node, SvmName, Status, State, DiscoveryMethod, IsLive
+$dcInfo.AllDiscoveredServers | Format-Table ServerName, ServerIp, ServerType, State, Node, SvmName
+```
+
+> **기술 참고 (REST API JSON Schema)**:  
+> ONTAP REST API `/api/protocols/cifs/domains`의 `discovered_servers[]` 배열에서 각 서버의 FQDN 호스트명 필드는 `name`이 아니라 **`server_name`**입니다. 스크립트 단독 호출 시 `-ClusterEndpoint`를 제공하면 자동으로 `UseLive = $true`로 승격되어 실제 REST API를 호출합니다.
+
 ---
 
 ## 6. 결론 및 기대 효과
diff --git a/Modules/NetAppService.ps1 b/Modules/NetAppService.ps1
index b05ff20..724a2ea 100644
--- a/Modules/NetAppService.ps1
+++ b/Modules/NetAppService.ps1
@@ -1,6 +1,55 @@
 # Modules\NetAppService.ps1
 # NetApp ONTAP REST API Service Module (Live & Fallback)
 
+function Resolve-NetAppParameters {
+    param(
+        [string]$ClusterEndpoint = "",
+        [string]$Username = "",
+        [string]$Password = "",
+        [string]$SvmName = "",
+        [bool]$IgnoreSsl = $true,
+        [bool]$UseLive = $false,
+        [object]$Config = $null,
+        [hashtable]$BoundParameters = @{}
+    )
+
+    $resolvedEndpoint = $ClusterEndpoint
+    $resolvedUser = $Username
+    $resolvedPass = $Password
+    $resolvedSvm = $SvmName
+    $resolvedIgnoreSsl = $IgnoreSsl
+    $resolvedLive = $UseLive
+
+    if ($Config -and $Config.NetApp) {
+        if (-not $resolvedEndpoint) { $resolvedEndpoint = $Config.NetApp.ClusterEndpoint }
+        if (-not $resolvedUser) { $resolvedUser = $Config.NetApp.Username }
+        if (-not $resolvedPass) { $resolvedPass = $Config.NetApp.Password }
+        if (-not $resolvedSvm) { $resolvedSvm = $Config.NetApp.DefaultSvm }
+        if ($null -ne $Config.NetApp.IgnoreSslErrors) { $resolvedIgnoreSsl = [bool]$Config.NetApp.IgnoreSslErrors }
+        if ($null -ne $Config.NetApp.UseLive) { $resolvedLive = [bool]$Config.NetApp.UseLive }
+    }
+
+    # 사용자가 파라미터로 엔드포인트를 직접 지정한 경우, UseLive가 명시적으로 false로 주어지지 않았다면 실제 연결로 판단
+    if (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($resolvedEndpoint)) {
+        if ($BoundParameters.ContainsKey('UseLive')) {
+            $resolvedLive = $UseLive
+        } elseif ($Config -and $Config.NetApp -and ($null -ne $Config.NetApp.UseLive)) {
+            $resolvedLive = [bool]$Config.NetApp.UseLive
+        } else {
+            $resolvedLive = $true
+        }
+    }
+
+    return @{
+        Endpoint  = $resolvedEndpoint
+        Username  = $resolvedUser
+        Password  = $resolvedPass
+        SvmName   = $resolvedSvm
+        IgnoreSsl = $resolvedIgnoreSsl
+        UseLive   = $resolvedLive
+    }
+}
+
 function Invoke-NetAppRestRequest {
     param(
         [string]$ClusterEndpoint,
@@ -9,18 +58,30 @@ function Invoke-NetAppRestRequest {
         [object]$Body = $null,
         [string]$Username = "",
         [string]$Password = "",
-        [bool]$IgnoreSsl = $true
+        [bool]$IgnoreSsl = $true,
+        [int]$TimeoutSec = 15
     )
 
-    # SSL 우회 설정 (.NET 기반)
-    if ($IgnoreSsl) {
-        [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::ServerCertificateValidationCallback = { $true }
-        [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12 -bor [System.Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls13
+    if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($ClusterEndpoint)) {
+        throw "NetApp 클러스터 엔드포인트 URL이 지정되지 않았습니다."
     }
 
     $base = $ClusterEndpoint.TrimEnd('/')
+    if (-not ($base -like "http*")) {
+        $base = "https://$base"
+    }
     $fullUri = "$base$UriPath"
 
+    # SSL 우회 설정 (.NET Framework 4.8 / Windows PowerShell 5.1 호환)
+    if ($IgnoreSsl) {
+        [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::ServerCertificateValidationCallback = { $true }
+        try {
+            [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12 -bor [System.Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls13
+        } catch {
+            [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
+        }
+    }
+
     $headers = @{
         "Accept" = "application/json"
     }
@@ -32,10 +93,15 @@ function Invoke-NetAppRestRequest {
     }
 
     $params = @{
-        Uri = $fullUri
-        Method = $Method
-        Headers = $headers
-        TimeoutSec = 3
+        Uri        = $fullUri
+        Method     = $Method
+        Headers    = $headers
+        TimeoutSec = $TimeoutSec
+    }
+
+    # PowerShell 7 (Core) SkipCertificateCheck 지원 (ServicePointManager 우회 무시 문제 해결)
+    if ($IgnoreSsl -and (Get-Command Invoke-RestMethod).Parameters.ContainsKey('SkipCertificateCheck')) {
+        $params["SkipCertificateCheck"] = $true
     }
 
     if ($Body) {
@@ -51,11 +117,12 @@ function Test-NetAppConnection {
         [string]$ClusterEndpoint,
         [string]$Username,
         [string]$Password,
-        [bool]$IgnoreSsl = $true
+        [bool]$IgnoreSsl = $true,
+        [int]$TimeoutSec = 15
     )
 
     try {
-        $res = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $ClusterEndpoint -UriPath "/api/cluster" -Method "GET" -Username $Username -Password $Password -IgnoreSsl $IgnoreSsl
+        $res = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $ClusterEndpoint -UriPath "/api/cluster" -Method "GET" -Username $Username -Password $Password -IgnoreSsl $IgnoreSsl -TimeoutSec $TimeoutSec
         $clusterName = if ($res.name) { $res.name } else { "ONTAP Cluster" }
         $version = if ($res.version -and $res.version.full) { $res.version.full } else { "ONTAP 9.x" }
 
@@ -75,83 +142,224 @@ function Test-NetAppConnection {
 function Get-NetAppActiveDc {
     param(
         [string]$ClusterEndpoint = "",
-        [string]$SvmName = "svm_cifs_prod01",
+        [string]$SvmName = "",
         [string]$Username = "",
         [string]$Password = "",
         [bool]$IgnoreSsl = $true,
+        [bool]$UseLive = $false,
+        [int]$TimeoutSec = 15,
         [object]$Config = $null
     )
 
-    if ($Config -and $Config.NetApp) {
-        if (-not $ClusterEndpoint) { $ClusterEndpoint = $Config.NetApp.ClusterEndpoint }
-        if (-not $SvmName) { $SvmName = $Config.NetApp.DefaultSvm }
-        if (-not $Username) { $Username = $Config.NetApp.Username }
-        if (-not $Password) { $Password = $Config.NetApp.Password }
-        $IgnoreSsl = [bool]$Config.NetApp.IgnoreSslErrors
-    }
+    $resolved = Resolve-NetAppParameters -ClusterEndpoint $ClusterEndpoint -Username $Username -Password $Password -SvmName $SvmName -IgnoreSsl $IgnoreSsl -UseLive $UseLive -Config $Config -BoundParameters $PSBoundParameters
+    $endpoint = $resolved.Endpoint
+    $user = $resolved.Username
+    $pass = $resolved.Password
+    $svm = $resolved.SvmName
+    $ignoreSslVal = $resolved.IgnoreSsl
+    $liveMode = $resolved.UseLive
 
-    $useLive = if ($Config -and $Config.NetApp) { [bool]$Config.NetApp.UseLive } else { $false }
+    $discoveredList = [System.Collections.Generic.List[PSCustomObject]]::new()
+    $attemptErrors = [System.Collections.Generic.List[string]]::new()
 
-    if ($useLive -and $ClusterEndpoint) {
+    if ($liveMode -and (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($endpoint))) {
+        # 1. NetApp ONTAP REST API 질의 시도
+        $queryPaths = [System.Collections.Generic.List[string]]::new()
+        if (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($svm)) {
+            $queryPaths.Add("/api/protocols/cifs/domains?svm.name=$svm&fields=discovered_servers,svm.name")
+            $queryPaths.Add("/api/protocols/cifs/domains?svm.name=$svm&fields=*")
+        }
+        $queryPaths.Add("/api/protocols/cifs/domains?fields=discovered_servers,svm.name")
+        $queryPaths.Add("/api/protocols/cifs/domains?fields=*")
+        $queryPaths.Add("/api/protocols/cifs/domains")
+
+        $records = @()
+        foreach ($qPath in $queryPaths) {
+            try {
+                $res = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $endpoint -UriPath $qPath -Method "GET" -Username $user -Password $pass -IgnoreSsl $ignoreSslVal -TimeoutSec $TimeoutSec
+                if ($res -and $res.records -and $res.records.Count -gt 0) {
+                    $records = @($res.records)
+                    break
+                } elseif ($res -and $res.discovered_servers) {
+                    $records = @($res)
+                    break
+                }
+            } catch {
+                $attemptErrors.Add("[$qPath] $($_.Exception.Message)")
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($records.Count -gt 0) {
+            # SVM 필터링 (일치하는 SVM 우선, 없으면 전체 records)
+            $targetRecs = if (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($svm)) {
+                $matched = @($records | Where-Object { $_.svm -and ($_.svm.name -eq $svm -or $_.svm.uuid -eq $svm) })
+                if ($matched.Count -gt 0) { $matched } else { $records }
+            } else {
+                $records
+            }
+
+            foreach ($rec in $targetRecs) {
+                $curSvm = if ($rec.svm -and $rec.svm.name) { $rec.svm.name } elseif ($svm) { $svm } else { "default_svm" }
+                
+                # 만약 discovered_servers가 컬렉션에서 펼쳐지지 않았고 self 링크가 있으면 단건 조회
+                $dsList = $rec.discovered_servers
+                if (-not $dsList -and $rec._links -and $rec._links.self -and $rec._links.self.href) {
+                    try {
+                        $selfRes = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $endpoint -UriPath "$($rec._links.self.href)?fields=discovered_servers,svm.name" -Method "GET" -Username $user -Password $pass -IgnoreSsl $ignoreSslVal -TimeoutSec $TimeoutSec
+                        if ($selfRes -and $selfRes.discovered_servers) {
+                            $dsList = $selfRes.discovered_servers
+                        }
+                    } catch {
+                        $attemptErrors.Add("[SelfHref $($rec._links.self.href)] $($_.Exception.Message)")
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if ($dsList) {
+                    foreach ($ds in $dsList) {
+                        # ONTAP REST API JSON 스키마 필드 추출 (server_name, server_ip, server_type, state, node.name 등)
+                        $srvName = if ($ds.server_name) { $ds.server_name }
+                                   elseif ($ds.name) { $ds.name }
+                                   elseif ($ds.server) { $ds.server }
+                                   elseif ($ds.server_ip) { $ds.server_ip }
+                                   else { "" }
+
+                        $srvIp = if ($ds.server_ip) { $ds.server_ip } else { "" }
+                        $srvType = if ($ds.server_type) { $ds.server_type } elseif ($ds.type) { $ds.type } else { "dc" }
+                        $srvState = if ($ds.state) { $ds.state } elseif ($ds.status) { $ds.status } else { "unknown" }
+                        $srvNode = if ($ds.node -and $ds.node.name) { $ds.node.name }
+                                   elseif ($ds.node) { $ds.node.ToString() } else { "node-01" }
+                        $srvDomain = if ($ds.domain) { $ds.domain } else { "" }
+
+                        $discoveredList.Add([PSCustomObject]@{
+                            ServerName = $srvName
+                            ServerIp   = $srvIp
+                            ServerType = $srvType
+                            State      = $srvState
+                            Node       = $srvNode
+                            Domain     = $srvDomain
+                            SvmName    = $curSvm
+                        })
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            # 1순위: 상태가 "ok", "active", "up" 이면서 type이 DC인 서버
+            $bestMatch = $discoveredList | Where-Object {
+                ($_.State -like "*ok*" -or $_.State -like "*up*" -or $_.State -like "*active*") -and
+                ($_.ServerType -like "*dc*" -or $_.ServerType -like "*primary*")
+            } | Select-Object -First 1
+
+            # 2순위: 상태 무관 DC 타입 서버
+            if (-not $bestMatch) {
+                $bestMatch = $discoveredList | Where-Object {
+                    $_.ServerType -like "*dc*"
+                } | Select-Object -First 1
+            }
+
+            # 3순위: 목록의 첫 번째 유효 서버
+            if (-not $bestMatch -and $discoveredList.Count -gt 0) {
+                $bestMatch = $discoveredList[0]
+            }
+
+            if ($bestMatch -and -not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($bestMatch.ServerName)) {
+                return [PSCustomObject]@{
+                    ActiveDC             = $bestMatch.ServerName
+                    ActiveDcIp           = $bestMatch.ServerIp
+                    Node                 = $bestMatch.Node
+                    SvmName              = $bestMatch.SvmName
+                    Status               = "OK (Active Connected)"
+                    State                = $bestMatch.State
+                    ServerType           = $bestMatch.ServerType
+                    IsLive               = $true
+                    DiscoveryMethod      = "ONTAP REST API (/api/protocols/cifs/domains)"
+                    DiscoveredServerCount= $discoveredList.Count
+                    AllDiscoveredServers = $discoveredList.ToArray()
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        # 2. NetApp DataONTAP PowerShell Toolkit 모듈 폴백
         try {
-            # 1. ONTAP REST API CIFS Domain Discovered Servers 질의
-            $path = "/api/protocols/cifs/domains?svm.name=$SvmName&fields=discovered_servers"
-            $res = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $ClusterEndpoint -UriPath $path -Method "GET" -Username $Username -Password $Password -IgnoreSsl $IgnoreSsl
+            if (Get-Command Get-NcCifsDomainDiscoveredServer -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
+                $ncServers = if ($svm) {
+                    Get-NcCifsDomainDiscoveredServer -Vserver $svm -ErrorAction Stop
+                } else {
+                    Get-NcCifsDomainDiscoveredServer -ErrorAction Stop
+                }
 
-            if ($res.records) {
-                foreach ($rec in $res.records) {
-                    if ($rec.discovered_servers) {
-                        # 상태가 "ok"인 Active DC 검색
-                        $matched = $rec.discovered_servers | Where-Object { 
-                            ($_.state -eq "ok" -or $_.status -eq "ok") -and ($_.type -like "*dc*" -or $_.server_type -like "*dc*")
-                        } | Select-Object -First 1
+                if ($ncServers) {
+                    $activeNc = $ncServers | Where-Object { ($_.ServerType -like "*dc*" -or $_.ServerType -like "*domain-controller*") -and ($_.ServerStatus -like "*ok*" -or $_.ServerStatus -like "*active*") } | Select-Object -First 1
+                    if (-not $activeNc) { $activeNc = $ncServers | Select-Object -First 1 }
 
-                        if ($matched -and $matched.name) {
-                            return [PSCustomObject]@{
-                                ActiveDC    = $matched.name
-                                Node        = if ($matched.node) { $matched.node.name } else { "node-01" }
-                                SvmName     = $SvmName
-                                Status      = "OK (Active Connected)"
-                                IsLive      = $true
-                                DiscoveryMethod = "ONTAP REST API (/api/protocols/cifs/domains)"
-                            }
+                    if ($activeNc) {
+                        return [PSCustomObject]@{
+                            ActiveDC             = if ($activeNc.ServerName) { $activeNc.ServerName } else { $activeNc.ServerAddress }
+                            ActiveDcIp           = $activeNc.ServerAddress
+                            Node                 = if ($activeNc.Node) { $activeNc.Node } else { "node-01" }
+                            SvmName              = if ($activeNc.Vserver) { $activeNc.Vserver } else { $svm }
+                            Status               = "OK (Active Binding)"
+                            State                = $activeNc.ServerStatus
+                            ServerType           = $activeNc.ServerType
+                            IsLive               = $true
+                            DiscoveryMethod      = "NetApp DataONTAP Toolkit (Get-NcCifsDomainDiscoveredServer)"
+                            DiscoveredServerCount= @($ncServers).Count
+                            AllDiscoveredServers = @($ncServers)
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
         } catch {
-            Write-Warning "NetApp Active DC 조회 실패 (기본값 폴백): $($_.Exception.Message)"
+            $attemptErrors.Add("[DataONTAP Toolkit] $($_.Exception.Message)")
+        }
+
+        if ($attemptErrors.Count -gt 0) {
+            Write-Warning "NetApp 실제 Active DC 조회 실패 사유:`n$($attemptErrors -join "`n")`n(데모 시뮬레이션 모드로 전환합니다)"
         }
     }
 
-    # 6개 다중 DC 환경을 모사한 시뮬레이션 / 데모 Active DC 반환
-    # (현업 시뮬레이션: 6대 DC 중 NetApp이 현재 바라보고 있는 DC04 반환)
+    # Fallback / Demo Mock
     return [PSCustomObject]@{
-        ActiveDC        = "dc04.corp.local"
-        Node            = "ontap-node-02"
-        SvmName         = $SvmName
-        Status          = "OK (Active Binding)"
-        IsLive          = $false
-        DiscoveryMethod = "ONTAP Domain Discovery (Simulated)"
+        ActiveDC             = "dc04.corp.local"
+        ActiveDcIp           = "10.20.1.14"
+        Node                 = "ontap-node-02"
+        SvmName              = if ($svm) { $svm } else { "svm_cifs_prod01" }
+        Status               = "OK (Simulated Active Binding)"
+        State                = "ok"
+        ServerType           = "ms_dc"
+        IsLive               = $false
+        DiscoveryMethod      = "ONTAP Domain Discovery (Simulated)"
+        DiscoveredServerCount= 2
+        FallbackReason       = if ($attemptErrors.Count -gt 0) { ($attemptErrors -join "; ") } else { "Live mode not configured" }
+        AllDiscoveredServers = @(
+            [PSCustomObject]@{ ServerName = "dc04.corp.local"; ServerIp = "10.20.1.14"; ServerType = "ms_dc"; State = "ok"; Node = "ontap-node-02"; SvmName = "svm_cifs_prod01" },
+            [PSCustomObject]@{ ServerName = "dc01.corp.local"; ServerIp = "10.10.1.11"; ServerType = "ms_dc"; State = "ok"; Node = "ontap-node-01"; SvmName = "svm_cifs_prod01" }
+        )
     }
 }
 
 function Get-NetAppQtrees {
     param(
         [string]$Filter = "",
+        [string]$ClusterEndpoint = "",
+        [string]$Username = "",
+        [string]$Password = "",
+        [bool]$IgnoreSsl = $true,
+        [bool]$UseLive = $false,
+        [int]$TimeoutSec = 15,
         [object]$Config = $null
     )
 
-    $useLive = if ($Config -and $Config.NetApp) { [bool]$Config.NetApp.UseLive } else { $false }
+    $resolved = Resolve-NetAppParameters -ClusterEndpoint $ClusterEndpoint -Username $Username -Password $Password -IgnoreSsl $IgnoreSsl -UseLive $UseLive -Config $Config -BoundParameters $PSBoundParameters
+    $useLive = $resolved.UseLive
 
-    if ($useLive) {
+    if ($useLive -and (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($resolved.Endpoint))) {
         try {
-            $endpoint = $Config.NetApp.ClusterEndpoint
-            $user = $Config.NetApp.Username
-            $pass = $Config.NetApp.Password
-            $ignoreSsl = [bool]$Config.NetApp.IgnoreSslErrors
+            $endpoint = $resolved.Endpoint
+            $user = $resolved.Username
+            $pass = $resolved.Password
+            $ignoreSsl = $resolved.IgnoreSsl
 
-            $res = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $endpoint -UriPath "/api/storage/qtrees?fields=name,volume.name,security_style,oplocks,status" -Method "GET" -Username $user -Password $pass -IgnoreSsl $ignoreSsl
+            $res = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $endpoint -UriPath "/api/storage/qtrees?fields=name,volume.name,security_style,oplocks,status" -Method "GET" -Username $user -Password $pass -IgnoreSsl $ignoreSsl -TimeoutSec $TimeoutSec
 
             if ($res.records) {
                 $list = [System.Collections.Generic.List[PSCustomObject]]::new()
@@ -188,20 +396,27 @@ function Get-NetAppQtrees {
 function Get-NetAppQuotas {
     param(
         [string]$Filter = "",
+        [string]$ClusterEndpoint = "",
+        [string]$Username = "",
+        [string]$Password = "",
+        [bool]$IgnoreSsl = $true,
+        [bool]$UseLive = $false,
+        [int]$TimeoutSec = 15,
         [object]$Config = $null
     )
 
-    $useLive = if ($Config -and $Config.NetApp) { [bool]$Config.NetApp.UseLive } else { $false }
+    $resolved = Resolve-NetAppParameters -ClusterEndpoint $ClusterEndpoint -Username $Username -Password $Password -IgnoreSsl $IgnoreSsl -UseLive $UseLive -Config $Config -BoundParameters $PSBoundParameters
+    $useLive = $resolved.UseLive
 
-    if ($useLive) {
+    if ($useLive -and (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($resolved.Endpoint))) {
         try {
-            $endpoint = $Config.NetApp.ClusterEndpoint
-            $user = $Config.NetApp.Username
-            $pass = $Config.NetApp.Password
-            $ignoreSsl = [bool]$Config.NetApp.IgnoreSslErrors
+            $endpoint = $resolved.Endpoint
+            $user = $resolved.Username
+            $pass = $resolved.Password
+            $ignoreSsl = $resolved.IgnoreSsl
 
             # ONTAP REST quota rules
-            $res = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $endpoint -UriPath "/api/storage/quota/rules?fields=type,users.name,group.name,qtree.name,volume.name,space.hard_limit,space.soft_limit" -Method "GET" -Username $user -Password $pass -IgnoreSsl $ignoreSsl
+            $res = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $endpoint -UriPath "/api/storage/quota/rules?fields=type,users.name,group.name,qtree.name,volume.name,space.hard_limit,space.soft_limit" -Method "GET" -Username $user -Password $pass -IgnoreSsl $ignoreSsl -TimeoutSec $TimeoutSec
 
             if ($res.records) {
                 $list = [System.Collections.Generic.List[PSCustomObject]]::new()
@@ -244,19 +459,26 @@ function Get-NetAppQuotas {
 function Get-NetAppShares {
     param(
         [string]$Filter = "",
+        [string]$ClusterEndpoint = "",
+        [string]$Username = "",
+        [string]$Password = "",
+        [bool]$IgnoreSsl = $true,
+        [bool]$UseLive = $false,
+        [int]$TimeoutSec = 15,
         [object]$Config = $null
     )
 
-    $useLive = if ($Config -and $Config.NetApp) { [bool]$Config.NetApp.UseLive } else { $false }
+    $resolved = Resolve-NetAppParameters -ClusterEndpoint $ClusterEndpoint -Username $Username -Password $Password -IgnoreSsl $IgnoreSsl -UseLive $UseLive -Config $Config -BoundParameters $PSBoundParameters
+    $useLive = $resolved.UseLive
 
-    if ($useLive) {
+    if ($useLive -and (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($resolved.Endpoint))) {
         try {
-            $endpoint = $Config.NetApp.ClusterEndpoint
-            $user = $Config.NetApp.Username
-            $pass = $Config.NetApp.Password
-            $ignoreSsl = [bool]$Config.NetApp.IgnoreSslErrors
+            $endpoint = $resolved.Endpoint
+            $user = $resolved.Username
+            $pass = $resolved.Password
+            $ignoreSsl = $resolved.IgnoreSsl
 
-            $res = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $endpoint -UriPath "/api/protocols/cifs/shares?fields=name,path,comment,svm.name" -Method "GET" -Username $user -Password $pass -IgnoreSsl $ignoreSsl
+            $res = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $endpoint -UriPath "/api/protocols/cifs/shares?fields=name,path,comment,svm.name" -Method "GET" -Username $user -Password $pass -IgnoreSsl $ignoreSsl -TimeoutSec $TimeoutSec
 
             if ($res.records) {
                 $list = [System.Collections.Generic.List[PSCustomObject]]::new()
@@ -292,36 +514,48 @@ function New-NetAppQtreeAction {
         [string]$Volume,
         [string]$QtreeName,
         [string]$SecurityStyle = "ntfs",
+        [string]$SvmName = "",
+        [string]$ClusterEndpoint = "",
+        [string]$Username = "",
+        [string]$Password = "",
+        [bool]$IgnoreSsl = $true,
+        [bool]$UseLive = $false,
+        [int]$TimeoutSec = 20,
         [object]$Config = $null
     )
 
-    $useLive = if ($Config -and $Config.NetApp) { [bool]$Config.NetApp.UseLive } else { $false }
+    $resolved = Resolve-NetAppParameters -ClusterEndpoint $ClusterEndpoint -Username $Username -Password $Password -SvmName $SvmName -IgnoreSsl $IgnoreSsl -UseLive $UseLive -Config $Config -BoundParameters $PSBoundParameters
+    $useLive = $resolved.UseLive
 
-    if ($useLive) {
+    if ($useLive -and (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($resolved.Endpoint))) {
         try {
-            $endpoint = $Config.NetApp.ClusterEndpoint
-            $user = $Config.NetApp.Username
-            $pass = $Config.NetApp.Password
-            $svm = $Config.NetApp.DefaultSvm
-            $ignoreSsl = [bool]$Config.NetApp.IgnoreSslErrors
+            $endpoint = $resolved.Endpoint
+            $user = $resolved.Username
+            $pass = $resolved.Password
+            $svm = $resolved.SvmName
+            $ignoreSsl = $resolved.IgnoreSsl
 
             $body = @{
                 name = $QtreeName
                 volume = @{ name = $Volume }
-                svm = @{ name = $svm }
                 security_style = $SecurityStyle
             }
+            if (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($svm)) {
+                $body["svm"] = @{ name = $svm }
+            }
 
-            $res = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $endpoint -UriPath "/api/storage/qtrees" -Method "POST" -Body $body -Username $user -Password $pass -IgnoreSsl $ignoreSsl
+            $res = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $endpoint -UriPath "/api/storage/qtrees" -Method "POST" -Body $body -Username $user -Password $pass -IgnoreSsl $ignoreSsl -TimeoutSec $TimeoutSec
 
             return [PSCustomObject]@{
                 Success = $true
                 Message = "실제 NetApp 볼륨 [$Volume]에 Qtree [$QtreeName]가 성공적으로 생성되었습니다."
+                IsLive  = $true
             }
         } catch {
             return [PSCustomObject]@{
                 Success = $false
                 Message = "NetApp Qtree 생성 실패: $($_.Exception.Message)"
+                IsLive  = $true
             }
         }
     }
@@ -329,6 +563,7 @@ function New-NetAppQtreeAction {
     return [PSCustomObject]@{
         Success = $true
         Message = "[데모 모드] 볼륨 [$Volume]에 Qtree [$QtreeName]가 가상 생성되었습니다."
+        IsLive  = $false
     }
 }
 
@@ -337,36 +572,48 @@ function New-NetAppShareAction {
         [string]$ShareName,
         [string]$Path,
         [string]$Comment = "",
+        [string]$SvmName = "",
+        [string]$ClusterEndpoint = "",
+        [string]$Username = "",
+        [string]$Password = "",
+        [bool]$IgnoreSsl = $true,
+        [bool]$UseLive = $false,
+        [int]$TimeoutSec = 20,
         [object]$Config = $null
     )
 
-    $useLive = if ($Config -and $Config.NetApp) { [bool]$Config.NetApp.UseLive } else { $false }
+    $resolved = Resolve-NetAppParameters -ClusterEndpoint $ClusterEndpoint -Username $Username -Password $Password -SvmName $SvmName -IgnoreSsl $IgnoreSsl -UseLive $UseLive -Config $Config -BoundParameters $PSBoundParameters
+    $useLive = $resolved.UseLive
 
-    if ($useLive) {
+    if ($useLive -and (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($resolved.Endpoint))) {
         try {
-            $endpoint = $Config.NetApp.ClusterEndpoint
-            $user = $Config.NetApp.Username
-            $pass = $Config.NetApp.Password
-            $svm = $Config.NetApp.DefaultSvm
-            $ignoreSsl = [bool]$Config.NetApp.IgnoreSslErrors
+            $endpoint = $resolved.Endpoint
+            $user = $resolved.Username
+            $pass = $resolved.Password
+            $svm = $resolved.SvmName
+            $ignoreSsl = $resolved.IgnoreSsl
 
             $body = @{
                 name = $ShareName
                 path = $Path
                 comment = $Comment
-                svm = @{ name = $svm }
+            }
+            if (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($svm)) {
+                $body["svm"] = @{ name = $svm }
             }
 
-            $res = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $endpoint -UriPath "/api/protocols/cifs/shares" -Method "POST" -Body $body -Username $user -Password $pass -IgnoreSsl $ignoreSsl
+            $res = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $endpoint -UriPath "/api/protocols/cifs/shares" -Method "POST" -Body $body -Username $user -Password $pass -IgnoreSsl $ignoreSsl -TimeoutSec $TimeoutSec
 
             return [PSCustomObject]@{
                 Success = $true
                 Message = "실제 NetApp SVM [$svm]에 CIFS 공유 [$ShareName] ($Path)가 생성되었습니다."
+                IsLive  = $true
             }
         } catch {
             return [PSCustomObject]@{
                 Success = $false
                 Message = "NetApp CIFS 공유 생성 실패: $($_.Exception.Message)"
+                IsLive  = $true
             }
         }
     }
@@ -374,6 +621,7 @@ function New-NetAppShareAction {
     return [PSCustomObject]@{
         Success = $true
         Message = "[데모 모드] CIFS 공유 [$ShareName] ($Path)가 가상 생성되었습니다."
+        IsLive  = $false
     }
 }
 
@@ -385,17 +633,25 @@ function Set-NetAppShareAcl {
         [string]$ActionType = "grant",  # "grant", "revoke"
         [int]$MaxRetries = 3,
         [int]$RetryDelayMs = 1000,
+        [string]$SvmName = "",
+        [string]$ClusterEndpoint = "",
+        [string]$Username = "",
+        [string]$Password = "",
+        [bool]$IgnoreSsl = $true,
+        [bool]$UseLive = $false,
+        [int]$TimeoutSec = 20,
         [object]$Config = $null
     )
 
-    $useLive = if ($Config -and $Config.NetApp) { [bool]$Config.NetApp.UseLive } else { $false }
+    $resolved = Resolve-NetAppParameters -ClusterEndpoint $ClusterEndpoint -Username $Username -Password $Password -SvmName $SvmName -IgnoreSsl $IgnoreSsl -UseLive $UseLive -Config $Config -BoundParameters $PSBoundParameters
+    $useLive = $resolved.UseLive
 
-    if ($useLive) {
-        $endpoint = $Config.NetApp.ClusterEndpoint
-        $user = $Config.NetApp.Username
-        $pass = $Config.NetApp.Password
-        $svm = $Config.NetApp.DefaultSvm
-        $ignoreSsl = [bool]$Config.NetApp.IgnoreSslErrors
+    if ($useLive -and (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($resolved.Endpoint))) {
+        $endpoint = $resolved.Endpoint
+        $user = $resolved.Username
+        $pass = $resolved.Password
+        $svm = if ($resolved.SvmName) { $resolved.SvmName } else { "default_svm" }
+        $ignoreSsl = $resolved.IgnoreSsl
 
         $attempt = 0
         $lastError = ""
@@ -410,10 +666,10 @@ function Set-NetAppShareAcl {
                         type          = "allow"
                     }
                     $path = "/api/protocols/cifs/shares/$svm/$ShareName/acls"
-                    $null = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $endpoint -UriPath $path -Method "POST" -Body $body -Username $user -Password $pass -IgnoreSsl $ignoreSsl
+                    $null = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $endpoint -UriPath $path -Method "POST" -Body $body -Username $user -Password $pass -IgnoreSsl $ignoreSsl -TimeoutSec $TimeoutSec
                 } else {
                     $path = "/api/protocols/cifs/shares/$svm/$ShareName/acls/$UserOrGroup"
-                    $null = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $endpoint -UriPath $path -Method "DELETE" -Username $user -Password $pass -IgnoreSsl $ignoreSsl
+                    $null = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $endpoint -UriPath $path -Method "DELETE" -Username $user -Password $pass -IgnoreSsl $ignoreSsl -TimeoutSec $TimeoutSec
                 }
 
                 return [PSCustomObject]@{
@@ -456,21 +712,28 @@ function Set-NetAppQuotaRule {
         [string]$QuotaType = "user",
         [int64]$SoftLimitGb = 450,
         [int64]$HardLimitGb = 500,
+        [string]$SvmName = "",
+        [string]$ClusterEndpoint = "",
+        [string]$Username = "",
+        [string]$Password = "",
+        [bool]$IgnoreSsl = $true,
+        [bool]$UseLive = $false,
+        [int]$TimeoutSec = 20,
         [object]$Config = $null
     )
 
-    $useLive = if ($Config -and $Config.NetApp) { [bool]$Config.NetApp.UseLive } else { $false }
+    $resolved = Resolve-NetAppParameters -ClusterEndpoint $ClusterEndpoint -Username $Username -Password $Password -SvmName $SvmName -IgnoreSsl $IgnoreSsl -UseLive $UseLive -Config $Config -BoundParameters $PSBoundParameters
+    $useLive = $resolved.UseLive
 
-    if ($useLive) {
+    if ($useLive -and (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($resolved.Endpoint))) {
         try {
-            $endpoint = $Config.NetApp.ClusterEndpoint
-            $user = $Config.NetApp.Username
-            $pass = $Config.NetApp.Password
-            $svm = $Config.NetApp.DefaultSvm
-            $ignoreSsl = [bool]$Config.NetApp.IgnoreSslErrors
+            $endpoint = $resolved.Endpoint
+            $user = $resolved.Username
+            $pass = $resolved.Password
+            $svm = $resolved.SvmName
+            $ignoreSsl = $resolved.IgnoreSsl
 
             $body = @{
-                svm = @{ name = $svm }
                 volume = @{ name = $Volume }
                 type = $QuotaType
                 space = @{
@@ -478,13 +741,16 @@ function Set-NetAppQuotaRule {
                     soft_limit = $SoftLimitGb * 1GB
                 }
             }
+            if (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($svm)) {
+                $body["svm"] = @{ name = $svm }
+            }
             if ($Qtree) { $body["qtree"] = @{ name = $Qtree } }
             if ($Target) {
                 if ($QuotaType -eq "user") { $body["users"] = @(@{ name = $Target }) }
                 elseif ($QuotaType -eq "group") { $body["group"] = @{ name = $Target } }
             }
 
-            $res = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $endpoint -UriPath "/api/storage/quota/rules" -Method "POST" -Body $body -Username $user -Password $pass -IgnoreSsl $ignoreSsl
+            $res = Invoke-NetAppRestRequest -ClusterEndpoint $endpoint -UriPath "/api/storage/quota/rules" -Method "POST" -Body $body -Username $user -Password $pass -IgnoreSsl $ignoreSsl -TimeoutSec $TimeoutSec
 
             return [PSCustomObject]@{
                 Success = $true